“The Sounds of Africa: What Elephants Hear | Wayne Staab, PhD | /waynesworld/”.“How Elephants Listen … With Their Feet | KQED”.“Mystery of elephant infrasounds revealed - ScienceDaily”.“All About Killer Whales – Senses | SeaWorld Parks & Entertainment”.“A model and experimental approach to the middle ear transfer function related to hearing in the humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae): The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America: Vol 144, No 2”.“Low-frequency hearing preceded the evolution of giant body size and filter feeding in baleen whales | Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences”.“Baleen whales hear through their bones - ScienceDaily”.“What is baleen? – Whale and Dolphin Conservation”.“Gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) react to underwater sounds | Royal Society Open Science”.“Penguins Call Underwater | Hakai Magazine”.“Infrasound detection by the homing pigeon: A behavioral audiogram | SpringerLink”.“Sounds Only Dogs Can Hear: Higher Pitches Is Where They Shine”.“Owl hearing | BTO – British Trust for Ornithology”.“The Evolution of Hearing | National Center for Science Education”.“Sound reception – Hearing in birds | Britannica”.“Welcome to CK-12 Foundation | CK-12 Foundation”.“The First Insects Were Deaf | Johnny B Pest Control”.Many animals and insects have adapted to hear either in a broader range or to hear particular types of sounds, either infrasonic or ultrasonic. The sounds below 20 Hz are called infrasonic, and the sounds with higher frequencies are called ultrasonic. The human ear usually can hear in a considerably wide range – from 20 Hz to 20000 Hz. The sounds they hear can be measured in frequencies. We can meet the best vertebrate hearers among the two groups with better-evolved ears – birds and mammals.Įach animal has a specific hearing range. Some mammals have huge ears, for instance, bats or some fox species. Mammals are also known for a great diversity of outer ears. These bones assist in transmitting the sound in the middle ear. Two bones from the -reptilian jaw have transformed in the course of the evolution into other two new bones malleus and incus. They have inherited the stapes bone from reptiles. Mammals have the most complex ear structure compared to other tetrapod vertebrates.They also have ossicles – small ear bones and a tympanum, and a cochlea with sensitive hair. birds‘ ears are complex – they have an outer ear, middle ear, and inner ear.Like frogs, they have a tympanum, a middle ear that contains a “ hearing bone” – stapes, as well as the inner ear and a Eustachian tube. Reptiles are better adapted to hearing vibrations that are spreading through the land.Still, they have the tympanum – the membrane that covers the inner ear and helps transmit sound. Several fish, like catfish, have developed inner ears that are not unlike ours. ![]() Some fish also use their bladders or stones called otoliths in their skulls to catch the sounds in the water. ![]() Fish have -sensitive hairs cilia that can help catch the sound.Most vertebrate animals can hear to some degree: Praying mantis – A unique group of insects that have only one ear. Katydid – Highly sensitive ears with an eardrum Bladder Grasshopper – Serial ears without a tympanicmembrane Greater Wax Moth – Best ultrasound hearing Invertebrates’ Unique Hearing Abilities.Catfish – Best low-frequency hearing among fish Rabbit – One of the largest hearing ranges in daytime herbivore animals African Elephant – Best hearing of low frequency sounds on land Killer whale – Best high-frequency hearing underwater Humpback whale – Best low-frequency hearing underwater. Pigeon – Best hearing at low frequencies among birds Barn owl – Highly sensitive directional hearing Common vampire bat – Highly sensitive hearing at the lowest frequencies on land
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